My rule of thumb was that if an image offended a black student because of its visual associations then I would not use it within a discussion. Sometimes it would have been useful to demonstrate what black people have to put up with, but I steered clear. The argument with illustrators was around the Robinson's Gollywog as a brand character and the children's illustrated story Little Black Sambo. I just wasn't doing it.

Standard objections to my reticence (fastidiousness?)

1. haven't you got a sense of humour?

2. Everybody loves Little Black Sambo.

Perhaps the cheerfully obsequious Pullman porter, a last vestige of the Slave days in white travellers' lives, could act as a first point of reference. Douglass Crockwell's image of black graduates for Avondale is unusual for the period (1948).

DETTE. The Adventures of Ollie 1945

I couldn't think where else to put the photograph of Barry Goldwater, presidential hopeful and a republican on the right, dressed in war paint as a Smoki Indian. This adds a new and worrying edge to his more bellicose threats of using nuclear weaponry against the Russkies. It is about as persuasive as Peter Sellars' Indian Doctor singing Goodness Gracious Me.

CARTOONS OF RACE HATE

JOHNSONIAN PICCANINNIES

CANNIBALS

THE MAMMY

Lift Attendant March 1938

Christmas in South Africa 1926

The Cooking Pot - Alloys make the Difference, O.Soglow 1957

Rockfist and the Witch Doctor c1935

It's Plastics Picking Time Down South(Cotton Picking, Monsanto 1939)

it didn't jest grow by itse'f, Feb 1941 (Cotton Picking)

"There's that Sleepin' Giant..."Milwaukee Rail 1946

"Toby, Fetch Me the Key to the Springhouse" 1935 grovelling servant wringing hands

Ice Diplomacy, bewildering the locals with an ice machine 1944

Meet your new neighbour... India 1944

Business Abroad, Egypt 1946

HIS HEART'S ON HIS SLEEVE, Railcar Attendant 1936

AMERICA'S IDEA OF A SCOTSMAN (see also Brigadoon)

AMERICA'S IDEA OF A SCOTSMAN (see also Brigadoon)

NO DAMAGE, THEY'RE KOROSEAL, careless porter 1948

GOOD - LIKE NEW, CHINESE LAUNDRY 1946

FAMILAR FACES - TO US ( national types) 1956

PULLMAN PORTER with his whisk 1960

BONZO IN DARKEST AFRICA

NODDY AND THE GOLLYWOGS

CANNIBALS FROM THE WONDER PAINT BOOK, C1935

IN DEFENCE OF JANITORS, 1928 2 PICTURES OF MINSTRELS

ESKIMOS